KAARADAIYAAN
NOMBU
“Kaaradaiyaan
Nombu” which is also known as “Savithri Nombu”, is a tamilian festival where as
per Hindu mythology, a married woman prays for the well being and long life of
her husband. It has been celebrated on a particular day when the transition
between two tamil months of “Maasi” and “Panguni” takes place. It is observed at the exact time when
the Tamil month of Massi ends and the month of Panguni begins. Ladies will be in fasting till the
transition time, break
the fast by eating the Karadai preparation with butter and then wear the Kaaradai nombu saradu, which is a
yellow thread, around the neck.
The story of Savithri is mentioned in the Mahabharatha as a conversation
between Markandeya and King Yudhistra. The oldest known version of the story of
Satyavan and Savithri is found in “Aranya Parva” of the MAhabharatha. This
story is told by Markendeya when King Yudhistra asks whether there has ever
been a woman whose devotion matched Draupadi’s devotion, love and reality to
her husband. Then Markandeya replies with the story of Savithri.
Savithri was the daughterof the
King Asrapathi.When her father asked her who she wished to marry she pointed to
Sathyavanwho lived in the forest.Despite being warned by Narada that he would
die within a year of marriage,she married sathayavan.
Impressed by Satyavan’s devotion towards his
blind parents, Savitri decides to marry him. On enquiry, the King found out
from Sage Narada that Satyavan was the son of a deposed king and that he was
destined to die in a year.
King first refused to the marriage but Savitri
was adamant. Finally, the King relented and the marriage was conducted and the
couple left for the forest.
They led a happy life and soon a year passed
and Savitri realized that Satyavan would die any moment. So she kept fast and
always followed him. .Her offerings were durwa grass and peepal leaves.She
performed neivedhyam with wild rice and toor dal. that is kaara arisi and
thuvaram parrupu that is why this vratham is known as karadayan nonbu.
Next day, she followed Satyavan to the forest.
While cutting woods, he fell down and fainted. Soon, Savitri realized that
Satyavan is dying. Suddenly she felt the presence of Yama, the god of death.
She saw him carrying the soul of Satyavan and she followed Yama.
Yama first ignored Savitri thinking that she
will soon return back to her husband’s body. But she persisted and kept on
following him. Yama tried few tricks to persuade her but nothing worked. Then
Yama said that it is impossible for him to give back the dead as it is against
the nature’s law. Instead, he will give her three boons.
Savitri agreed with the first boon she asked
for a son for her father. With the second boon she asked that her in-laws be
reinstated in their kingdom with full glory.
Finally, for the third boon she asked ‘I would
like to have children.’
Yama immediately said ‘granted.’ But soon Yama
realized that he had been tricked by Savitri.
Yama remained silent for a minute and then
smiled and said ‘I appreciate you persistence. But what I liked more was you
readiness to marry a man whom you loved even though you knew that he would only
live for a year. So this karayadan nonbu protected her husband.
Prayers are offered to GowriDevi and women
meditate on Savitiri and wear a yellow thread round their neckas they chant the
following
The preparation
is known as Karadai nombu
adai - the festival takes its name from the unique Kara Adai
dish. It is believed that Savitri cooked such a dish and offered it to Lord
Yama along with unmelted butter as a sort of thanksgiving for sparing her
husband’s life.
Significance of Karadaiyan Nombu:
Karadaiyan Nombu
is a significant ritual that is mainly observed by married women in the
southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. The word
‘Karadai’ refers to ‘a special naivedya (holy dish) and ‘nombu’ signifies
‘upvasam or vratam’. The observance of Karadaiyan Nombu is done in remembrance
of ‘Satyvan-Savitri’ story. According to the legends, Savitri was a princess
who with her utmost devotion towards her husband, Satyvan, saved him from the clutches
of death. This story is very popular in India and there are few other Hindu
festivals based on this legend, such as ‘Vat Savitri Puja’. The festival of
Karadaiyan Nombu is observed by married women for the prosperity and long life
of their husbands whereas unmarried girls keep this observance to get their
choice of husband.
Rituals during Karadaiyan Nombu:
- Fasting
or vratam is an important ritual on the day of Karadaiyan Nombu. Married
women observe a fast from the time of getting up. The fast is broken after
completing the puja rituals. Women break their vratam by eating the unique
Karadai preparation with butter. The fast is broken anytime in the late
afternoon or evening only when the transition occurs.
- On
Karadaiyan Nombu a special naivedya is prepared and is known as ‘Karadai
Nombu Adai’. As per the mythological stories, it is stated that Savitri
prepared this special dish and offered it with unmelted butter to Lord
Yama, the Hindu God of Death, as a thanksgiving gesture for returning the
life of her husband, Satyavan.
- Women
on this day worship Goddess Gowri and offer the Karadaiyan Nombu Naivedyam
to please the Goddess. Special mantras are chanted at the time of offering
the Karadai to Goddess Gowri. The puja of Karadaiyan Nombu is performed at
the specific time when Massi month ends and the month of Panguni just
begins.
- Another
significant ritual on Karadaiyan Nombu is wearing the yellow colored
thread, referred as ‘Karadai Nombu Saradu’ around the neck. A small flower
is also tied to this yellow thread. This thread is tied for the well-being
of husbands.
Women also decorate their houses with
kolam on this day
Karadaiyan nonbu adai recipe
Ingredients
For
sweet adai
Rice flour -
1 cup
Jaggery - 1 cup
Water - 2 cups
Coconut pieces - 3-4 tblsp
Karamani/ black eyed peas - 1/4 cup
Cardamom - 1, powdered
For salt adai
Rice -1 cup
coconut - 3-4 tblsp
Karamani - 1/4 cup
Salt - As needed
Oil - 1 tsp
Mustard - 3/4 tsp
Green chilli - 2
Curry leaves - 1 sprig
Asafoetida - 2 generous
pinches
Method
1.
Wash
and soak rice for 1 or two hours. After soaking, drain water completely and
spread it in a clean kitchen towel.
2.
Mean
while, roast karamani and 7 other grains(optional)– I used channa, black
urad, green moong, finger millet, red milltet, mocha kottai, dried peas . Roast
until karamani starts golden and nice aroma wafts. Let the flame in medium
flame.
3.
Soak
in water until you do the other works.
4.
Now the rice flour, let the cloth absorb excess water. Say for 30
minutes. Grind it to a fine powder in a mixer. Sieve it and if you get more
remains(coarse rice in the sieve) again powder it sieve to prevent wastage.
5.
This
will yield 2 cups plus little more. So you can use it for this recipe. 1 cup
flour for each, sweet and salt version. Boil 2 cups water in a heavy bottomed
vessel, add jaggery and dissolve it completely.
6.
Filter
the jaggery to remove impurities in a metal strainer. Bring to boil again and
add the karamani we soaked drained from water. Simmer the flame and add the
flour in a sprinkled way. Mix it while you add briskly with other hand to avoid
lump formation.
- Continue stirring in a mashing
way, to break the lumps if any. When it becomes a lump as in the picture
below, switch off the flame. It takes some time, so keep stirring. When it
forms lump, it may look sticky, but after cool down, it will stiffen.
- For salt version, heat a heavy
bottomed pan with oil and season with mustard, green chillies, curry
leaves, asafoetida. Add 2 cups water,mix salt to it. Bring to boil. You
can add a pinch of asafoetida at this stage for extra flavour.
- Simmer the flame and add the rice
flour little by little as you mix with the other hand.
- Cook in medium flame, this will
thicken soon than the sweet dough, so be prepared for that. When it forms
as a lump, switch off the flame and transfer to another vessel.
- By now the sweet dough would have
cooled down. Make equal sized balls, flatten in well greased hands and
make a hole in the middle. When u make hole, dip the finger in sesame oil
to make it easier. Arrange in plate/ idli plate.
- Repeat the same for salt version
and make equal size balls and flatten in well greased hands, make a hole
in the middle. Arrange in greased idli plate and steam for 5-8 minutes.
Notes
- You can use store bough rice flour also
for this preparation.
- Make sure you reduce the flame when you
add flour and keep stirring to avoid lumps in the dough. If few lumps are
there, it will break as we keep stirring, no need to worry.
- Roasting karamani adds a great flavour,
not only that, it also makes it cook easily. The longer it gets soaked,
it will easily get cooked and be soft in the adai.
- If you want, you can even boil the
karamani to cook it before adding.
- Keep the prepared dough covered, as it
will become dry while cooling down.
- It it is too dry, sprinkle water while
you make adai. Otherwise the edges will be cracked.
- You can add grated coconut in place of
chopped coconut, both has its own texture and taste.
- Longer the time you soak karamani,
sooner and soft it will get cooked in the adai.
- The sweet dough takes longer time to get
stiff. So keep stirring.
- You can add finely chopped ginger in
salt adai while tempering…
We offer with butter(urugaadha vennai) and it
does tastes best with it :)